Essential Public Health Service #1
Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets
This Service Includes:
- Maintaining an ongoing understanding of health in the jurisdiction by collecting, monitoring, and analyzing data on health and factors that influence health to identify threats, patterns, and emerging issues, with a particular emphasis on disproportionately affected populations
- Using data and information to determine the root causes of health disparities and inequities
- Working with the community to understand health status, needs, assets, key influences, and narrative
- Collaborating and facilitating data sharing with partners, including multisector partners
- Using innovative technologies, data collection methods, and data sets
- Utilizing various methods and technology to interpret and communicate data to diverse audiences
- Analyzing and using disaggregated data (e.g., by race) to track issues and inform equitable action
- Engaging community members as experts and key partners
Essential Public Health Service #2
Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population
This Service Includes
- Anticipating, preventing and mitigating emerging health threats through epidemiologic identification
- Monitoring real-time health status and identifying patterns to develop strategies to address chronic diseases and injuries
- Using real-time data to identify and respond to acute outbreaks, emergencies, and other health hazards
- Using public health laboratory capabilities and modern technology to conduct rapid screening and high-volume testing
- Analyzing and utilizing inputs from multiple sectors and sources to consider social, economic, and environmental root causes of health status
- Identifying, analyzing, and distributing information from new, big, and real-time data sources
Essential Public Health Service #3
This Service Includes:
- Developing and disseminating accessible health information and resources, including through collaboration with multi-sector partners
- Communicating with accuracy and necessary speed
- Using appropriate communications channels (e.g., social media, peer-to-peer networks, mass media, and other channels) to effectively reach the intended populations
- Developing and deploying culturally and linguistically appropriate and relevant communications and educational resources, which includes working with stakeholders and influencers in the community to create effective and culturally resonant materials
- Employing the principles of risk communication, health literacy, and health education to inform the public, when appropriate
- Actively engaging in two-way communication to build trust with populations served and ensure accuracy and effectiveness of prevention and health promotion strategies
- Ensuring public health communications and education efforts are asset-based when appropriate and do not reinforce narratives that are damaging to disproportionately affected populations
Essential Public Health Service #4
Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health
This Service Includes:
- Convening and facilitating multisector partnerships and coalitions that include sectors that influence health (e.g., planning, transportation, housing,
- education, etc.)
- Fostering and building genuine, strengths-based relationships with a diverse group of partners that reflect the community and the population
- Authentically engaging with community members and organizations to develop public health solutions
- Learning from, and supporting existing community partnerships and contributing public health expertise
Essential Public Health Service #5
Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health
This Service Includes
- Developing and championing policies, plans, and laws that guide the practice of public health
- Examining and improving existing policies, plans, and laws to correct historical injustices
- Ensuring that policies, plans, and laws provide a fair and just opportunity for all to achieve optimal health
- Providing input into policies, plans, and laws to ensure that health impact is considered
- Continuously monitoring and developing policies, plans, and laws that improve public health and preparedness and strengthen community resilience
- Collaborating with all partners, including multi-sector partners, to develop and support policies, plans, and laws
- Working across partners and with the community to systematically and continuously develop and implement health improvement strategies and plans, and evaluate and improve those plans
Essential Public Health Service #6
Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public’s health
This Service Includes:
- Ensuring that applicable laws are equitably applied to protect the public’s health
- Conducting enforcement activities that may include, but are not limited to sanitary codes, especially in the food industry; full protection of drinking water supplies; and timely follow-up on hazards, preventable injuries, and exposure-related diseases identified in occupational and community settings
- Licensing and monitoring the quality of healthcare services (e.g., laboratory, nursing homes, and home healthcare)
- Reviewing new drug, biologic, and medical device applications
- Licensing and credentialing the healthcare workforce
- Including health considerations in-laws from other sectors (e.g., zoning)
Essential Public Health Service #7
Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy
This Service Includes:
- Connecting the population to needed health and social services that support the whole person, including preventive services
- Ensuring access to high-quality and cost-effective healthcare and social services, including behavioral and mental health services, that are culturally and linguistically appropriate
- Engaging health delivery systems to assess and address gaps and barriers in accessing needed health services, including behavioral and mental health
- Addressing and removing barriers to care
- Building relationships with payers and healthcare providers, including the sharing of data across partners to foster health and well-being
- Contributing to the development of a competent healthcare workforce
Essential Public Health Service #8
Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce
This Service Includes:
- Providing education and training that encompasses a spectrum of public health competencies, including technical, strategic, and leadership skills
- Ensuring that the public health workforce is the appropriate size to meet the public’s needs
- Building a culturally competent public health workforce and leadership that reflects the community and practices cultural humility
- Incorporating public health principles in non-public health curricula
- Cultivating and building active partnerships with academia and other professional training programs and schools to assure community-relevant learning experiences for all learners
- Promoting a culture of lifelong learning in public health
- Building a pipeline of future public health practitioners
- Fostering leadership skills at all levels
Essential Public Health Service #9
Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement
This Services Includes:
- Building and fostering a culture of quality in public health organizations and activities
- Linking public health research with public health practice
- Using research, evidence, practice-based insights, and other forms of information to inform decision-making
- Contributing to the evidence base of effective public health practice
- Evaluating services, policies, plans, and laws continuously to ensure they are contributing to the health and not creating undue harm
- Establishing and using engagement and decision-making structures to work with the community in all stages of research
- Valuing and using qualitative, quantitative, and lived experience as data and information to inform decisionmaking
Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
This Service Includes:
- Developing an understanding of the broader organizational infrastructures and roles that support the entire public health system in a jurisdiction (e.g., government agencies, elected officials, and non-governmental organizations)
- Ensuring that appropriate, needed resources are allocated equitably for the public’s health
- Exhibiting effective and ethical leadership, decision-making, and governance
- Managing financial and human resources effectively
- Employing communications and strategic planning capacities and skills
- Having robust information technology services that are current and meet privacy and security standards
- Being accountable, transparent, and inclusive with all partners and the community in all aspects of practice